Java—网络编程
(学习Java网络编程时,需要有计算机网络的基础知识)
InetAddress类
相关方法:
- 获取本机InetAddress对象 getLocalHost
- 根据指定主机名/域名获取ip地址对象 getByName
- 获取InetAddress对象的主机名 getHostName
- 获取InetAddress对象的地址 getHostAddress
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| ** * 演示InetAddress 类的使用 */ public class API_ { public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(localHost);
InetAddress host1 = InetAddress.getByName("LAPTOP-LGPK08DR"); System.out.println(host1);
InetAddress host2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(host2);
String hostAddress = host2.getHostAddress(); System.out.println(hostAddress);
String hostName = host2.getHostName(); System.out.println(hostName);
} }
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Socket
基本介绍:
- 套接字(Socket)开发网络应用程序被广泛采用,以至于成为事实上的标准。
- 通信段两端都要有Socket,是两台机器间通信段端点
- 网络通信其实就是Socket间的通信
- Socket允许程序把网络连接当成一个流,数据在两个Socket间通过IO传输
- 一般主动发起通信的应用程序属于客户端,等待通信请求的为服务端
Socket两种编程方式:TCP编程(可靠) 和 UDP编程(不可靠)
TCP编程
基本介绍:
- 基于客户端——服务器的网络通信
- 底层使用的是TCP/IP协议
- 应用场景举例:客户端发送数据,服务端接受并显示控制台
- 基于Socket的TCP编程

案例一:

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| public class SocketTCP01Sever { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); System.out.println("服务器端,在9999端口监听,等待连接...");
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int readLen = 0; while ((readLen = inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){ System.out.print(new String(buf,0,readLen)); }
inputStream.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); System.out.println("\n服务器端退出....");
} }
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| public class SocketTCP01Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("hello,Sever".getBytes()); outputStream.close(); socket.close(); System.out.println("客户端退出........"); } }
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案例二:

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| public class SocketTCP02Server { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); System.out.println("服务器端等待连接......."); Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int readLen = 0; while ((readLen = inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){ System.out.println(new String(buf,0,readLen)); }
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write("hello,client".getBytes()); socket.shutdownOutput();
outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); System.out.println("服务器端已退出......."); } }
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| public class SocketTCP02Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999); OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write("hello,server".getBytes()); socket.shutdownOutput(); InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int readLen = 0; while((readLen = inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){ System.out.println(new String(buf,0,readLen)); }
outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); socket.close(); System.out.println("客户端已退出........."); } }
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【注意】:在写完输入流后需要给出结束标志,socket.shutdownOutput();否则程序一直处于等待状态中
案例三:

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| public class SocketTCP03Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); String filePath = "F:\\javaIO\\aaa.png"; FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int readLen = 0; while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1) { outputStream.write(buf, 0, readLen); } socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); String str = bufferedReader.readLine(); System.out.println(str);
inputStream.close(); fileInputStream.close(); outputStream.close(); socket.close(); System.out.println("客户端已退出......");
} }
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| public class SocketTCP03Server { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); System.out.println("服务器端等待连接(9999端口)"); Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("src\\bbb.png"); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int readLen = 0; while ((readLen = inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){ fileOutputStream.write(buf,0,readLen); } OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)); bufferedWriter.write("收到图片"); bufferedWriter.newLine(); bufferedWriter.flush();
outputStream.close(); fileOutputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); System.out.println("服务器端已退出......."); } }
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netstat指令
- netstat -an 可以查看当前主机网络情况,包括端口监听情况,和网络连接情况
- netstat -an | more 可以分页显示
- 要求在dos控制台下执行

【说明】
- Listening 表示某个端口在监听
- 如果有一个外部程序(客户端)连接该端口,就会显示一条连接信息
- 可以输入 ctrl + c 退出程序
- netsata -anb 可以查看详细端口监听情况
当客户端连接到服务器后,实际上客户端也是通过一个端口和服务器进行通讯的,这个端口是TCP/IP分配的,是不确定的,是随机的。
UDP编程
基本介绍:
- 类DatagramSocket 和 DatagramPacket 实现了基于 UDP 协议网络程序
- UDP数据报通过数据报套接字 DatagramSocket 发送和接收,系统不保证UDP数据报一定能够安全送到目的地,也不能确定什么时候可以抵达
- DatagramPacket 对象封装了UDP数据报,在数据报中包含了发送端的IP地址和端口号以及接收端的IP地址和端口号
- UDP协议中每个数据报都给出了完整的地址信息,因此无须建立发送方和接收方的连接
基本流程:
- 核心的两个类/对象 DatagramSocket 与 DatagramPacket
- 建立发送端,接收端
- 建立数据包 (DatagramPacket)
- 调用DatagramSocket的发送,接收方法
- 关闭DatagramSocket
UDP说明:
- 没有明确的服务端和客户端,演变成数据的发送端和接收端
- 接收数据和发送数据是通过 DatagramSocket 对象完成
- 将数据封装到DatagramPacket对象,需要进行拆包,取出数据
- DatagramSocket 可以指定在哪个端口接收数据